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The butterfly valve is a widely used rotary-type shut-off/control valve in industrial piping systems. Driven by the valve stem, the circular disc rotates around its axis (with a rotation angle of 0–90°) to achieve on/off control or flow regulation of pipeline media. Its core advantages include compact structure, small size, light weight, rapid operation, and excellent flow control characteristics. It is widely adaptable to various media such as water, gases, liquids, and slurries, making it a core fluid control device in industries such as water supply & drainage, environmental protection, chemical processing, and power generation.
Core Structural Components
1. Valve Body: The main connection component to the pipeline. Material selection depends on media characteristics (carbon steel, stainless steel, cast iron, PTFE-lined/rubber-lined, etc.). Available configurations include wafer-type, flanged, and welded types to suit different installation scenarios.
2. Disc: The core opening/closing component, shaped as a circular disc (with a diameter slightly smaller than the valve body bore). Material matches the valve body (carbon steel, stainless steel, wear-resistant alloy). In some applications, rubber/PTFE coating is applied to enhance sealing or corrosion resistance.
3. Valve Stem: The key component for transmitting driving force, connecting the disc to the drive device. Typically made of stainless steel (304/316). For high-temperature and high-pressure applications, alloy steel is used to ensure strength and corrosion resistance.
4. Sealing Device: Ensures valve sealing performance. Available in soft seal (rubber, PTFE, nylon) and hard seal (metal-to-metal, e.g., stainless steel with cemented carbide hardfacing). Directly affects the valve leakage class.
5. Drive Device: Provides opening/closing power, including manual (hand lever, worm gear), electric (electric actuator with VFD/modulating function), pneumatic (pneumatic actuator, suitable for automated systems), and hydraulic (hydraulic actuator, suitable for large-diameter/high-pressure applications).
6. Other Components: Includes bearings (reduces stem rotation friction), stuffing box (seals the gap between stem and valve body to prevent media leakage), actuator mounting bracket (secures the drive device), etc.
Operating Principle
1. The drive device (manual/electric/pneumatic) rotates the valve stem, which synchronously drives the disc to perform a 0–90° rotary motion within the valve body.
2. When the disc rotates to 0° (parallel to the pipeline axis), the disc is fully open, allowing media to flow through unobstructed with maximum flow capacity.
3. When the disc rotates to 90° (perpendicular to the pipeline axis), the disc is fully closed, blocking media flow and achieving sealed shut-off.
4. Modulating-type butterfly valves can precisely regulate flow, pressure, and other parameters by controlling the disc rotation angle (at any position between 0° and 90°) to vary the flow passage area.
Main Types & Characteristics
| Classification | Type | Core Features | Application Scenarios |
| Drive Mode | Manual Butterfly Valve | Simple structure, low cost, convenient operation; no external power required; manual opening/closing | Small-diameter pipelines, low-pressure applications, infrequent operation |
| Electric Butterfly Valve | High degree of automation; remote control, timed opening/closing, flow regulation; equipped with limit switches and feedback signals; compatible with PLC systems | Industrial production lines, large-diameter pipelines, frequent operation | |
| Pneumatic Butterfly Valve | Explosion-proof; relies on compressed air; low maintenance cost | Flammable/explosive environments, automated assembly lines, applications requiring fast response | |
| Hydraulic Butterfly Valve | High output torque, strong pressure resistance; stable operation in high-pressure, large-diameter applications | Large-scale water conservancy projects, petrochemical high-pressure pipelines, large-diameter pipelines | |
| Seal Structure | Soft-Seated Butterfly Valve | Excellent sealing performance, low operating torque; limited temperature and pressure resistance | Water supply & drainage, sewage treatment, food & pharmaceutical, low-temperature low-pressure fluids |
| Hard-Seated Butterfly Valve | High-temperature resistance, high-pressure resistance, wear and corrosion resistance; slightly lower sealing performance than soft seal | High-temperature high-pressure conditions, media containing particulates, highly corrosive media | |
| Installation Type | Wafer-Type Butterfly Valve | Compact size, light weight, easy installation; clamped between two flanges with bolts, no separate flanges required | Space-constrained piping, medium-to-low pressure applications, pipeline systems |
| Flanged Butterfly Valve | Secure connection, good sealing; valve body with integral flanges, bolted to pipeline flanges | High-pressure applications, large-diameter pipelines, equipment outlets with significant vibration | |
| Welded Butterfly Valve | Compact structure, high pressure resistance; valve body welded to pipeline, no leakage risk | Ultra-high-pressure applications, high-temperature pipelines, corrosive media pipelines | |
| Special Condition | PTFE-Lined Butterfly Valve (Lined Butterfly Valve) | Internal PTFE/FKM lining provides excellent corrosion resistance; suitable for strong acids, alkalis, organic solvents, and other corrosive media | Chemical industry, electroplating wastewater treatment, corrosive material pipelines |
| Eccentric Butterfly Valve | Eccentric disc design reduces sealing surface wear, extending service life | High-pressure, high-temperature, media containing particulates; industrial pipelines requiring frequent operation |
